Fitzpatrick Scale

What It Is

A numerical classification system developed by Harvard dermatologist Thomas Fitzpatrick in 1975 to describe how different skin tones respond to ultraviolet radiation. The scale runs from Type I (very fair, always burns, never tans) to Type VI (deeply pigmented, never burns). The Fitzpatrick scale is clinically important for determining sun damage risk, laser treatment settings, chemical peel strength and suitability for certain actives. Darker skin types (IV–VI) have a higher risk of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) from aggressive procedures or actives.

Key Context

Fitzpatrick I–II: Highest skin cancer risk, lowest PIH risk. Fitzpatrick IV–VI: Lower skin cancer risk, significantly higher PIH risk from aggressive treatments. Mandelic acid and lower-strength AHAs are safer options for higher Fitzpatrick types.

Learn More

• Hyperpigmentation Treatment
• How to Choose Sunscreen