Biological Age / DNA Methylation Clock / Horvath Clock
A computational tool developed by biostatistician Steve Horvath in 2013 that estimates biological age from patterns of DNA methylation across specific CpG sites in the genome. Epigenetic age can differ significantly from chronological age — a 50-year-old with a biological age of 40 has measurably different disease risk and cellular function. Multiple epigenetic clock algorithms now exist (Horvath, Hannum, PhenoAge, GrimAge), each predicting different health outcomes. They are considered the most reliable current biomarkers of biological aging.
Interventions shown to reduce epigenetic age in clinical studies: exercise, Mediterranean diet, caloric restriction, quality sleep, stress reduction, and some supplement protocols. Commercial biological age testing (via blood or saliva methylation analysis) is increasingly accessible.
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