AHA / Alpha Hydroxy Acid
The smallest AHA molecule — 76 daltons — allowing the deepest penetration and most potent exfoliation. Dissolves desmosomes holding dead skin cells together, accelerating cell turnover. Improves texture, radiance, fine lines, hyperpigmentation and active-ingredient absorption. Used in professional chemical peels at 20–70%.
At these concentrations this ingredient should appear above the 1% line on the INCI list. If you see it listed after preservatives or fragrance allergens, the dose is likely too low to work as marketed.
PM only, 5–30% toner/serum 2–3x per week. Never with retinol same night. SPF the following morning. Start low (5–10%) and build up.
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