Hyperpigmentation

What It Is

An umbrella term for patches of skin that are darker than the surrounding area, caused by excess melanin production in localised areas. Main types: post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) — triggered by acne, wounds, or eczema; melasma — hormonally driven (pregnancy, oral contraceptives) exacerbated by UV; solar lentigines (sunspots) — UV-induced; freckles — genetic but UV-activated. Treatment requires a consistent multi-pronged approach: sun protection (non-negotiable), tyrosinase inhibitors (Vitamin C, niacinamide, tranexamic acid, kojic acid), and exfoliation (AHAs, retinoids).

Key Context

PIH darkens with UV exposure — SPF 50 daily is the single most important treatment step. Improvement typically takes 3–6 months minimum with consistent treatment. Darker skin tones (Fitzpatrick IV–VI) are more prone to PIH and require gentler actives.

Learn More

• Hyperpigmentation Treatment Guide
• Niacinamide Benefits
• Vitamin C Serum Types