Polynucleotides (PN) / Polydeoxyribonucleotide
A nucleic-acid active built from short DNA fragments — traditionally purified from salmon sperm, now also available in vegan plant-derived forms. It works through two independent routes: activating adenosine A2A receptors to turn up the skin's tissue-repair cascade, and feeding the DNA salvage pathway with ready-made nucleotide building blocks that ageing cells reuse to rebuild their own DNA. Across wound-healing and aesthetic research this translates to more collagen, calmer inflammation and improved texture and elasticity — what Korean dermatology calls biorevitalisation.
Topical serums that show benefit sit roughly between 0.5% and 2% (5,000–20,000 ppm) — straddling the 1% line. Low-molecular-weight PDRN matters more than the headline number, since only a fraction of large fragments penetrate past the stratum corneum. Injectable skin-booster forms (around 20 mg/mL) are far more concentrated and are a different category from topicals.
0.5–2% serum, AM and/or PM, applied after cleansing and before heavier creams. It has no photosensitivity and a low irritation profile, so it suits sensitive and reactive skin. Because its two pathways don't overlap with most actives, it layers comfortably with vitamin C, niacinamide and peptides.
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