TXA
Originally a pharmaceutical antifibrinolytic, TXA is now one of the most effective topical ingredients for hyperpigmentation — including melasma and PIH. Inhibits keratinocyte-melanocyte signalling, blocking melanin overproduction. Distinct mechanism from Vitamin C means they can be combined for comprehensive pigmentation coverage. Particularly effective for melasma resistant to other treatments.
Topical 2–5% AM and/or PM. Well-tolerated, no photosensitising effect. Combine with niacinamide and Vitamin C.
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