1,3,7-Trimethylxanthine / Eye Area Vasoconstrictor
Topical caffeine works as a potent vasoconstrictor (reducing undereye puffiness and dark circles), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor (breaking down fat in adipocytes for cellulite applications), and an antioxidant protecting against UV-induced DNA damage. Studies show significant improvement in undereye puffiness and dark circles at 3%.
At these concentrations this ingredient should appear above the 1% line on the INCI list. If you see it listed after preservatives or fragrance allergens, the dose is likely too low to work as marketed.
Topical eye serum or cream 3%, AM and PM. Apply with ring finger and pat gently — never rub.
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